| 1 |
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| 2 | ## compare_shells: bash dash mksh ash
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| 3 |
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| 4 | # OSH mechanisms:
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| 5 | #
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| 6 | # - shopt -s strict_errexit
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| 7 | # - shopt -s command_sub_errexit
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| 8 | # - inherit_errexit (bash)
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| 9 | #
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| 10 | # Summary:
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| 11 | # - local assignment is different than global! The exit code and errexit
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| 12 | # behavior are different because the concept of the "last command" is
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| 13 | # different.
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| 14 | # - ash has copied bash behavior!
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| 15 |
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| 16 | #### command sub: errexit is NOT inherited and outer shell keeps going
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| 17 |
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| 18 | # This is the bash-specific bug here:
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| 19 | # https://blogs.janestreet.com/when-bash-scripts-bite/
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| 20 | # See inherit_errexit below.
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| 21 | #
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| 22 | # I remember finding a script that relies on bash's bad behavior, so OSH copies
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| 23 | # it. But you can opt in to better behavior.
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| 24 |
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| 25 | set -o errexit
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| 26 | echo $(echo one; false; echo two) # bash/ash keep going
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| 27 | echo parent status=$?
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| 28 | ## STDOUT:
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| 29 | one two
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| 30 | parent status=0
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| 31 | ## END
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| 32 | # dash and mksh: inner shell aborts, but outer one keeps going!
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| 33 | ## OK dash/mksh STDOUT:
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| 34 | one
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| 35 | parent status=0
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| 36 | ## END
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| 37 |
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| 38 | #### command sub with inherit_errexit only
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| 39 | set -o errexit
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| 40 | shopt -s inherit_errexit || true
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| 41 | echo zero
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| 42 | echo $(echo one; false; echo two) # bash/ash keep going
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| 43 | echo parent status=$?
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| 44 | ## STDOUT:
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| 45 | zero
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| 46 | one
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| 47 | parent status=0
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| 48 | ## END
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| 49 | ## N-I ash STDOUT:
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| 50 | zero
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| 51 | one two
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| 52 | parent status=0
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| 53 | ## END
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| 54 |
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| 55 | #### strict_errexit and assignment builtins (local, export, readonly ...)
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| 56 | set -o errexit
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| 57 | shopt -s strict_errexit || true
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| 58 | #shopt -s command_sub_errexit || true
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| 59 |
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| 60 | f() {
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| 61 | local x=$(echo hi; false)
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| 62 | echo x=$x
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| 63 | }
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| 64 |
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| 65 | eval 'f'
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| 66 | echo ---
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| 67 |
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| 68 | ## status: 1
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| 69 | ## STDOUT:
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| 70 | ## END
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| 71 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash status: 0
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| 72 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
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| 73 | x=hi
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| 74 | ---
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| 75 | ## END
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| 76 |
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| 77 | #### strict_errexit and command sub in export / readonly
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| 78 | case $SH in (dash|bash|mksh|ash) exit ;; esac
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| 79 |
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| 80 | $SH -o errexit -O strict_errexit -c 'echo a; export x=$(might-fail); echo b'
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| 81 | echo status=$?
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| 82 | $SH -o errexit -O strict_errexit -c 'echo a; readonly x=$(might-fail); echo b'
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| 83 | echo status=$?
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| 84 | $SH -o errexit -O strict_errexit -c 'echo a; x=$(true); echo b'
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| 85 | echo status=$?
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| 86 |
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| 87 | ## STDOUT:
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| 88 | a
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| 89 | status=1
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| 90 | a
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| 91 | status=1
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| 92 | a
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| 93 | b
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| 94 | status=0
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| 95 | ## END
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| 96 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash stdout-json: ""
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| 97 |
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| 98 |
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| 99 | #### strict_errexit disallows pipeline
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| 100 | set -o errexit
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| 101 | shopt -s strict_errexit || true
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| 102 |
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| 103 | if echo 1 | grep 1; then
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| 104 | echo one
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| 105 | fi
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| 106 |
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| 107 | ## status: 1
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| 108 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash status: 0
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| 109 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
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| 110 | 1
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| 111 | one
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| 112 | ## END
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| 113 |
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| 114 | #### strict_errexit allows singleton pipeline
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| 115 | set -o errexit
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| 116 | shopt -s strict_errexit || true
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| 117 |
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| 118 | if ! false; then
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| 119 | echo yes
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| 120 | fi
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| 121 |
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| 122 | ## STDOUT:
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| 123 | yes
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| 124 | ## END
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| 125 |
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| 126 | #### strict_errexit without errexit proc
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| 127 | myproc() {
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| 128 | echo myproc
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| 129 | }
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| 130 | myproc || true
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| 131 |
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| 132 | # This should be a no-op I guess
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| 133 | shopt -s strict_errexit || true
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| 134 | myproc || true
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| 135 |
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| 136 | ## status: 1
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| 137 | ## STDOUT:
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| 138 | myproc
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| 139 | ## END
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| 140 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash status: 0
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| 141 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
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| 142 | myproc
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| 143 | myproc
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| 144 | ## END
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| 145 |
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| 146 | #### strict_errexit without errexit proc / command sub
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| 147 |
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| 148 | # Implementation quirk:
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| 149 | # - The proc check happens only if errexit WAS on and is disabled
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| 150 | # - But 'shopt --unset allow_csub_psub' happens if it was never on
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| 151 |
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| 152 | shopt -s strict_errexit || true
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| 153 |
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| 154 | p() {
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| 155 | echo before
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| 156 | local x
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| 157 | # This line fails, which is a bit weird, but errexit
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| 158 | x=$(false)
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| 159 | echo x=$x
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| 160 | }
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| 161 |
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| 162 | if p; then
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| 163 | echo ok
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| 164 | fi
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| 165 |
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| 166 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash status: 0
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| 167 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
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| 168 | before
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| 169 | x=
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| 170 | ok
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| 171 | ## END
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| 172 | ## status: 1
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| 173 | ## STDOUT:
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| 174 | ## END
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| 175 |
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| 176 | #### strict_errexit and errexit disabled
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| 177 | case $SH in (dash|bash|mksh|ash) exit ;; esac
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| 178 |
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| 179 | shopt -s parse_brace strict_errexit || true
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| 180 |
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| 181 | p() {
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| 182 | echo before
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| 183 | local x
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| 184 | # This line fails, which is a bit weird, but errexit
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| 185 | x=$(false)
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| 186 | echo x=$x
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| 187 | }
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| 188 |
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| 189 | set -o errexit
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| 190 | shopt --unset errexit {
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| 191 | # It runs normally here, because errexit was disabled (just not by a
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| 192 | # conditional)
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| 193 | p
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| 194 | }
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| 195 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
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| 196 | ## END
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| 197 | ## STDOUT:
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| 198 | before
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| 199 | x=
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| 200 | ## END
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| 201 |
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| 202 |
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| 203 | #### command sub with command_sub_errexit only
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| 204 | set -o errexit
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| 205 | shopt -s command_sub_errexit || true
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| 206 | echo zero
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| 207 | echo $(echo one; false; echo two) # bash/ash keep going
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| 208 | echo parent status=$?
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| 209 | ## STDOUT:
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| 210 | zero
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| 211 | one two
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| 212 | parent status=0
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| 213 | ## END
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| 214 | ## N-I dash/mksh STDOUT:
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| 215 | zero
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| 216 | one
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| 217 | parent status=0
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| 218 | ## END
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| 219 |
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| 220 | #### command_sub_errexit stops at first error
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| 221 | case $SH in (dash|bash|mksh|ash) exit ;; esac
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| 222 |
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| 223 | set -o errexit
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| 224 | shopt --set parse_brace command_sub_errexit verbose_errexit || true
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| 225 |
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| 226 | rm -f BAD
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| 227 |
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| 228 | try {
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| 229 | echo $(date %d) $(touch BAD)
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| 230 | }
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| 231 | if ! test -f BAD; then # should not exist
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| 232 | echo OK
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| 233 | fi
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| 234 |
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| 235 | ## STDOUT:
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| 236 | OK
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| 237 | ## END
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| 238 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
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| 239 | ## END
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| 240 |
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| 241 | #### command sub with inherit_errexit and command_sub_errexit
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| 242 | set -o errexit
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| 243 |
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| 244 | # bash implements inherit_errexit, but it's not as strict as OSH.
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| 245 | shopt -s inherit_errexit || true
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| 246 | shopt -s command_sub_errexit || true
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| 247 | echo zero
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| 248 | echo $(echo one; false; echo two) # bash/ash keep going
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| 249 | echo parent status=$?
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| 250 | ## STDOUT:
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| 251 | zero
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| 252 | ## END
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| 253 | ## status: 1
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| 254 | ## N-I dash/mksh/bash status: 0
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| 255 | ## N-I dash/mksh/bash STDOUT:
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| 256 | zero
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| 257 | one
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| 258 | parent status=0
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| 259 | ## END
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| 260 | ## N-I ash status: 0
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| 261 | ## N-I ash STDOUT:
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| 262 | zero
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| 263 | one two
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| 264 | parent status=0
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| 265 | ## END
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| 266 |
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| 267 | #### command sub: last command fails but keeps going and exit code is 0
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| 268 | set -o errexit
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| 269 | echo $(echo one; false) # we lost the exit code
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| 270 | echo status=$?
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| 271 | ## STDOUT:
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| 272 | one
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| 273 | status=0
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| 274 | ## END
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| 275 |
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| 276 | #### global assignment with command sub: middle command fails
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| 277 | set -o errexit
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| 278 | s=$(echo one; false; echo two;)
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| 279 | echo "$s"
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| 280 | ## status: 0
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| 281 | ## STDOUT:
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| 282 | one
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| 283 | two
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| 284 | ## END
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| 285 | # dash and mksh: whole thing aborts!
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| 286 | ## OK dash/mksh stdout-json: ""
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| 287 | ## OK dash/mksh status: 1
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| 288 |
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| 289 | #### global assignment with command sub: last command fails and it aborts
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| 290 | set -o errexit
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| 291 | s=$(echo one; false)
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| 292 | echo status=$?
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| 293 | ## stdout-json: ""
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| 294 | ## status: 1
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| 295 |
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| 296 | #### local: middle command fails and keeps going
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| 297 | set -o errexit
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| 298 | f() {
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| 299 | echo good
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| 300 | local x=$(echo one; false; echo two)
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| 301 | echo status=$?
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| 302 | echo $x
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| 303 | }
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| 304 | f
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| 305 | ## STDOUT:
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| 306 | good
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| 307 | status=0
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| 308 | one two
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| 309 | ## END
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| 310 | # for dash and mksh, the INNER shell aborts, but the outer one keeps going!
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| 311 | ## OK dash/mksh STDOUT:
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| 312 | good
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| 313 | status=0
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| 314 | one
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| 315 | ## END
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| 316 |
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| 317 | #### local: last command fails and also keeps going
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| 318 | set -o errexit
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| 319 | f() {
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| 320 | echo good
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| 321 | local x=$(echo one; false)
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| 322 | echo status=$?
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| 323 | echo $x
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| 324 | }
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| 325 | f
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| 326 | ## STDOUT:
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| 327 | good
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| 328 | status=0
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| 329 | one
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| 330 | ## END
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| 331 |
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| 332 | #### local and inherit_errexit / command_sub_errexit
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| 333 | # I've run into this problem a lot.
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| 334 | set -o errexit
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| 335 | shopt -s inherit_errexit || true # bash option
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| 336 | shopt -s command_sub_errexit || true # oil option
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| 337 | f() {
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| 338 | echo good
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| 339 | local x=$(echo one; false; echo two)
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| 340 | echo status=$?
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| 341 | echo $x
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| 342 | }
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| 343 | f
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| 344 | ## status: 1
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| 345 | ## STDOUT:
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| 346 | good
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| 347 | ## END
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| 348 | ## N-I ash status: 0
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| 349 | ## N-I ash STDOUT:
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| 350 | good
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| 351 | status=0
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| 352 | one two
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| 353 | ## END
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| 354 | ## N-I bash/dash/mksh status: 0
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| 355 | ## N-I bash/dash/mksh STDOUT:
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| 356 | good
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| 357 | status=0
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| 358 | one
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| 359 | ## END
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| 360 |
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| 361 | #### global assignment when last status is failure
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| 362 | # this is a bug I introduced
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| 363 | set -o errexit
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| 364 | x=$(false) || true # from abuild
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| 365 | [ -n "$APORTSDIR" ] && true
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| 366 | BUILDDIR=${_BUILDDIR-$BUILDDIR}
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| 367 | echo status=$?
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| 368 | ## STDOUT:
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| 369 | status=0
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| 370 | ## END
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| 371 |
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| 372 | #### strict_errexit prevents errexit from being disabled in function
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| 373 | set -o errexit
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| 374 | fun() { echo fun; }
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| 375 |
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| 376 | fun || true # this is OK
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| 377 |
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| 378 | shopt -s strict_errexit || true
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| 379 |
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| 380 | echo 'builtin ok' || true
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| 381 | env echo 'external ok' || true
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| 382 |
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| 383 | fun || true # this fails
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| 384 |
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| 385 | ## status: 1
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| 386 | ## STDOUT:
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| 387 | fun
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| 388 | builtin ok
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| 389 | external ok
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| 390 | ## END
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| 391 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash status: 0
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| 392 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
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| 393 | fun
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| 394 | builtin ok
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| 395 | external ok
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| 396 | fun
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| 397 | ## END
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| 398 |
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| 399 | #### strict_errexit prevents errexit from being disabled in brace group
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| 400 | set -o errexit
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| 401 | # false failure is NOT respected either way
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| 402 | { echo foo; false; echo bar; } || echo "failed"
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| 403 |
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| 404 | shopt -s strict_errexit || true
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| 405 | { echo foo; false; echo bar; } || echo "failed"
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| 406 | ## status: 1
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| 407 | ## STDOUT:
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| 408 | foo
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| 409 | bar
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| 410 | ## END
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| 411 |
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| 412 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash status: 0
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| 413 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
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| 414 | foo
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| 415 | bar
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| 416 | foo
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| 417 | bar
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| 418 | ## END
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| 419 |
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| 420 | #### strict_errexit prevents errexit from being disabled in subshell
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| 421 | set -o errexit
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| 422 | shopt -s inherit_errexit || true
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| 423 |
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| 424 | # false failure is NOT respected either way
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| 425 | ( echo foo; false; echo bar; ) || echo "failed"
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| 426 |
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| 427 | shopt -s strict_errexit || true
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| 428 | ( echo foo; false; echo bar; ) || echo "failed"
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| 429 | ## status: 1
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| 430 | ## STDOUT:
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| 431 | foo
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| 432 | bar
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| 433 | ## END
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| 434 |
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| 435 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash status: 0
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| 436 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
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| 437 | foo
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| 438 | bar
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| 439 | foo
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| 440 | bar
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| 441 | ## END
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| 442 |
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| 443 | #### strict_errexit and ! && || if while until
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| 444 | prelude='set -o errexit
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| 445 | shopt -s strict_errexit || true
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| 446 | fun() { echo fun; }'
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| 447 |
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| 448 | $SH -c "$prelude; ! fun; echo 'should not get here'"
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| 449 | echo bang=$?
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| 450 | echo --
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| 451 |
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| 452 | $SH -c "$prelude; fun || true"
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| 453 | echo or=$?
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| 454 | echo --
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| 455 |
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| 456 | $SH -c "$prelude; fun && true"
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| 457 | echo and=$?
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| 458 | echo --
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| 459 |
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| 460 | $SH -c "$prelude; if fun; then true; fi"
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| 461 | echo if=$?
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| 462 | echo --
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| 463 |
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| 464 | $SH -c "$prelude; while fun; do echo while; exit; done"
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| 465 | echo while=$?
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| 466 | echo --
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| 467 |
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| 468 | $SH -c "$prelude; until fun; do echo until; exit; done"
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| 469 | echo until=$?
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| 470 | echo --
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| 471 |
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| 472 |
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| 473 | ## STDOUT:
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| 474 | bang=1
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| 475 | --
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| 476 | or=1
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| 477 | --
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| 478 | and=1
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| 479 | --
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| 480 | if=1
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| 481 | --
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| 482 | while=1
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| 483 | --
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| 484 | until=1
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| 485 | --
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| 486 | ## END
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| 487 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
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| 488 | fun
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| 489 | should not get here
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| 490 | bang=0
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| 491 | --
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| 492 | fun
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| 493 | or=0
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| 494 | --
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| 495 | fun
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| 496 | and=0
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| 497 | --
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| 498 | fun
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| 499 | if=0
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| 500 | --
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| 501 | fun
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| 502 | while
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| 503 | while=0
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| 504 | --
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| 505 | fun
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| 506 | until=0
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| 507 | --
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| 508 | ## END
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| 509 |
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| 510 | #### if pipeline doesn't fail fatally
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| 511 | set -o errexit
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| 512 | set -o pipefail
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| 513 |
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| 514 | f() {
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| 515 | local dir=$1
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| 516 | if ls $dir | grep ''; then
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| 517 | echo foo
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| 518 | echo ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
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| 519 | fi
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| 520 | }
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| 521 | rmdir $TMP/_tmp || true
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| 522 | rm -f $TMP/*
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| 523 | f $TMP
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| 524 | f /nonexistent # should fail
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| 525 | echo done
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| 526 |
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| 527 | ## N-I dash status: 2
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| 528 | ## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
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| 529 | ## STDOUT:
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| 530 | done
|
| 531 | ## END
|
| 532 |
|
| 533 | #### errexit is silent (verbose_errexit for Oil)
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| 534 | shopt -u verbose_errexit 2>/dev/null || true
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| 535 | set -e
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| 536 | false
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| 537 | ## stderr-json: ""
|
| 538 | ## status: 1
|
| 539 |
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| 540 | #### command sub errexit preserves exit code
|
| 541 | set -e
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| 542 | shopt -s command_sub_errexit || true
|
| 543 |
|
| 544 | echo before
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| 545 | echo $(exit 42)
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| 546 | echo after
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| 547 | ## STDOUT:
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| 548 | before
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| 549 | ## END
|
| 550 | ## status: 42
|
| 551 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
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| 552 | before
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| 553 |
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| 554 | after
|
| 555 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash status: 0
|
| 556 |
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| 557 | #### What's in strict:all?
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| 558 |
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| 559 | # inherit_errexit, strict_errexit, but not command_sub_errexit!
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| 560 | # for that you need oil:upgrade!
|
| 561 |
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| 562 | set -o errexit
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| 563 | shopt -s strict:all || true
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| 564 |
|
| 565 | # inherit_errexit is bash compatible, so we have it
|
| 566 | #echo $(date %x)
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| 567 |
|
| 568 | # command_sub_errexit would hide errors!
|
| 569 | f() {
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| 570 | local d=$(date %x)
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| 571 | }
|
| 572 | f
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| 573 |
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| 574 | deploy_func() {
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| 575 | echo one
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| 576 | false
|
| 577 | echo two
|
| 578 | }
|
| 579 |
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| 580 | if ! deploy_func; then
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| 581 | echo failed
|
| 582 | fi
|
| 583 |
|
| 584 | echo 'should not get here'
|
| 585 |
|
| 586 | ## status: 1
|
| 587 | ## STDOUT:
|
| 588 | ## END
|
| 589 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash status: 0
|
| 590 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
|
| 591 | one
|
| 592 | two
|
| 593 | should not get here
|
| 594 | ## END
|
| 595 |
|
| 596 | #### command_sub_errexit causes local d=$(date %x) to fail
|
| 597 | set -o errexit
|
| 598 | shopt -s inherit_errexit || true
|
| 599 | #shopt -s strict_errexit || true
|
| 600 | shopt -s command_sub_errexit || true
|
| 601 |
|
| 602 | myproc() {
|
| 603 | # this is disallowed because we want a runtime error 100% of the time
|
| 604 | local x=$(true)
|
| 605 |
|
| 606 | # Realistic example. Should fail here but shells don't!
|
| 607 | local d=$(date %x)
|
| 608 | echo hi
|
| 609 | }
|
| 610 | myproc
|
| 611 |
|
| 612 | ## status: 1
|
| 613 | ## STDOUT:
|
| 614 | ## END
|
| 615 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash status: 0
|
| 616 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
|
| 617 | hi
|
| 618 | ## END
|
| 619 |
|
| 620 | #### command_sub_errexit and command sub in array
|
| 621 | case $SH in (dash|ash|mksh) exit ;; esac
|
| 622 |
|
| 623 | set -o errexit
|
| 624 | shopt -s inherit_errexit || true
|
| 625 | #shopt -s strict_errexit || true
|
| 626 | shopt -s command_sub_errexit || true
|
| 627 |
|
| 628 | # We don't want silent failure here
|
| 629 | readonly -a myarray=( one "$(date %x)" two )
|
| 630 |
|
| 631 | #echo len=${#myarray[@]}
|
| 632 | argv.py "${myarray[@]}"
|
| 633 | ## status: 1
|
| 634 | ## STDOUT:
|
| 635 | ## END
|
| 636 | ## N-I bash status: 0
|
| 637 | ## N-I bash STDOUT:
|
| 638 | ['one', '', 'two']
|
| 639 | ## END
|
| 640 | ## N-I dash/ash/mksh status: 0
|
| 641 |
|
| 642 | #### OLD: command sub in conditional, with inherit_errexit
|
| 643 | set -o errexit
|
| 644 | shopt -s inherit_errexit || true
|
| 645 | if echo $(echo 1; false; echo 2); then
|
| 646 | echo A
|
| 647 | fi
|
| 648 | echo done
|
| 649 |
|
| 650 | ## STDOUT:
|
| 651 | 1 2
|
| 652 | A
|
| 653 | done
|
| 654 | ## END
|
| 655 | ## N-I dash/mksh STDOUT:
|
| 656 | 1
|
| 657 | A
|
| 658 | done
|
| 659 | ## END
|
| 660 |
|
| 661 | #### OLD: command sub in redirect in conditional
|
| 662 | set -o errexit
|
| 663 |
|
| 664 | if echo tmp_contents > $(echo tmp); then
|
| 665 | echo 2
|
| 666 | fi
|
| 667 | cat tmp
|
| 668 | ## STDOUT:
|
| 669 | 2
|
| 670 | tmp_contents
|
| 671 | ## END
|
| 672 |
|
| 673 | #### Regression
|
| 674 | case $SH in (bash|dash|ash|mksh) exit ;; esac
|
| 675 |
|
| 676 | shopt --set oil:upgrade
|
| 677 |
|
| 678 | shopt --unset errexit {
|
| 679 | echo hi
|
| 680 | }
|
| 681 |
|
| 682 | proc p {
|
| 683 | echo p
|
| 684 | }
|
| 685 |
|
| 686 | shopt --unset errexit {
|
| 687 | p
|
| 688 | }
|
| 689 | ## STDOUT:
|
| 690 | hi
|
| 691 | p
|
| 692 | ## END
|
| 693 | ## N-I bash/dash/ash/mksh stdout-json: ""
|
| 694 |
|
| 695 | #### ShAssignment used as conditional
|
| 696 |
|
| 697 | while x=$(false)
|
| 698 | do
|
| 699 | echo while
|
| 700 | done
|
| 701 |
|
| 702 | if x=$(false)
|
| 703 | then
|
| 704 | echo if
|
| 705 | fi
|
| 706 |
|
| 707 | if x=$(true)
|
| 708 | then
|
| 709 | echo yes
|
| 710 | fi
|
| 711 |
|
| 712 | # Same thing with errexit -- NOT affected
|
| 713 | set -o errexit
|
| 714 |
|
| 715 | while x=$(false)
|
| 716 | do
|
| 717 | echo while
|
| 718 | done
|
| 719 |
|
| 720 | if x=$(false)
|
| 721 | then
|
| 722 | echo if
|
| 723 | fi
|
| 724 |
|
| 725 | if x=$(true)
|
| 726 | then
|
| 727 | echo yes
|
| 728 | fi
|
| 729 |
|
| 730 | # Same thing with strict_errexit -- NOT affected
|
| 731 | shopt -s strict_errexit || true
|
| 732 |
|
| 733 | while x=$(false)
|
| 734 | do
|
| 735 | echo while
|
| 736 | done
|
| 737 |
|
| 738 | if x=$(false)
|
| 739 | then
|
| 740 | echo if
|
| 741 | fi
|
| 742 |
|
| 743 | if x=$(true)
|
| 744 | then
|
| 745 | echo yes
|
| 746 | fi
|
| 747 |
|
| 748 | ## status: 1
|
| 749 | ## STDOUT:
|
| 750 | yes
|
| 751 | yes
|
| 752 | ## END
|
| 753 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash status: 0
|
| 754 | ## N-I dash/bash/mksh/ash STDOUT:
|
| 755 | yes
|
| 756 | yes
|
| 757 | yes
|
| 758 | ## END
|