| 1 | Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
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| 2 | List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
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| 3 | Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
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| 4 |
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| 5 | Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
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| 6 | -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .
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| 7 | -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..
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| 8 | --author with -l, print the author of each file
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| 9 | -b, --escape print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
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| 10 | --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
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| 11 | '--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of
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| 12 | 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
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| 13 | -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~
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| 14 | -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
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| 15 | modification of file status information);
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| 16 | with -l: show ctime and sort by name;
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| 17 | otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
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| 18 | -C list entries by columns
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| 19 | --color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default
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| 20 | if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below
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| 21 | -d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents
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| 22 | -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
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| 23 | -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
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| 24 | -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
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| 25 | --file-type likewise, except do not append '*'
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| 26 | --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
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| 27 | single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
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| 28 | --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
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| 29 | -g like -l, but do not list owner
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| 30 | --group-directories-first
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| 31 | group directories before files;
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| 32 | can be augmented with a --sort option, but any
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| 33 | use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
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| 34 | -G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
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| 35 | -h, --human-readable with -l and/or -s, print human readable sizes
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| 36 | (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
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| 37 | --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
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| 38 | -H, --dereference-command-line
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| 39 | follow symbolic links listed on the command line
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| 40 | --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
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| 41 | follow each command line symbolic link
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| 42 | that points to a directory
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| 43 | --hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
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| 44 | (overridden by -a or -A)
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| 45 | --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
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| 46 | none (default), slash (-p),
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| 47 | file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
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| 48 | -i, --inode print the index number of each file
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| 49 | -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
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| 50 | -k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage
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| 51 | -l use a long listing format
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| 52 | -L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
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| 53 | link, show information for the file the link
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| 54 | references rather than for the link itself
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| 55 | -m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
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| 56 | -n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
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| 57 | -N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
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| 58 | characters specially)
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| 59 | -o like -l, but do not list group information
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| 60 | -p, --indicator-style=slash
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| 61 | append / indicator to directories
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| 62 | -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters
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| 63 | --show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,
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| 64 | unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)
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| 65 | -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
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| 66 | --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
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| 67 | literal, locale, shell, shell-always,
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| 68 | shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape
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| 69 | -r, --reverse reverse order while sorting
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| 70 | -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively
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| 71 | -s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
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| 72 | -S sort by file size, largest first
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| 73 | --sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),
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| 74 | time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)
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| 75 | --time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of default
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| 76 | modification time: atime or access or use (-u);
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| 77 | ctime or status (-c); also use specified time
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| 78 | as sort key if --sort=time (newest first)
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| 79 | --time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
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| 80 | full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT;
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| 81 | FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'; if FORMAT
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| 82 | is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies
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| 83 | to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
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| 84 | if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLE
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| 85 | takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
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| 86 | -t sort by modification time, newest first
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| 87 | -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
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| 88 | -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;
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| 89 | with -l: show access time and sort by name;
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| 90 | otherwise: sort by access time, newest first
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| 91 | -U do not sort; list entries in directory order
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| 92 | -v natural sort of (version) numbers within text
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| 93 | -w, --width=COLS set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit
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| 94 | -x list entries by lines instead of by columns
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| 95 | -X sort alphabetically by entry extension
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| 96 | -Z, --context print any security context of each file
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| 97 | -1 list one file per line. Avoid '\n' with -q or -b
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| 98 | --help display this help and exit
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| 99 | --version output version information and exit
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| 100 |
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| 101 | The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
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| 102 | Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
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| 103 |
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| 104 | Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
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| 105 | with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when
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| 106 | standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment
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| 107 | variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
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| 108 |
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| 109 | Exit status:
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| 110 | 0 if OK,
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| 111 | 1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
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| 112 | 2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
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| 113 |
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| 114 | GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
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| 115 | Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls>
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| 116 | or available locally via: info '(coreutils) ls invocation'
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