1 | # spec/ysh-func
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2 |
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3 | ## our_shell: ysh
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4 |
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5 | #### Identity function
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6 | func id(x) {
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7 | return (x)
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8 | }
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9 |
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10 | json write (id("ysh"))
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11 |
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12 | ## STDOUT:
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13 | "ysh"
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14 | ## END
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15 |
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16 | #### Too many args
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17 | func f(x) { return (x + 1) }
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18 |
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19 | = f(0, 1)
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20 | ## status: 3
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21 | ## STDOUT:
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22 | ## END
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23 |
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24 | #### Too few args
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25 | func f(x) { return (x + 1) }
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26 |
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27 | = f()
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28 | ## status: 3
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29 | ## STDOUT:
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30 | ## END
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31 |
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32 | #### Positional args
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33 |
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34 | func f(x, y, ...rest) {
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35 | echo "pos $x $y"
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36 | echo rest @rest
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37 | }
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38 |
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39 | call f(1, 2, 3, 4)
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40 |
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41 | # This is an error
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42 | #call f(1, 2, m=2, n=3)
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43 |
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44 | ## STDOUT:
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45 | pos 1 2
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46 | rest 3 4
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47 | ## END
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48 |
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49 |
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50 | #### named args
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51 | func f(; x=3) {
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52 | echo x=$x
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53 | }
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54 |
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55 | call f()
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56 |
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57 | call f(x=4)
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58 |
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59 | ## STDOUT:
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60 | x=3
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61 | x=4
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62 | ## END
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63 |
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64 | #### Named args with ...rest
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65 | func f(; x=3, ...named) {
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66 | echo x=$x
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67 | pp line (named)
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68 | }
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69 |
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70 | call f()
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71 |
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72 | call f(x=4)
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73 |
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74 | call f(x=4, y=5)
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75 |
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76 | ## STDOUT:
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77 | x=3
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78 | (Dict) {}
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79 | x=4
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80 | (Dict) {}
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81 | x=4
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82 | (Dict) {"y":5}
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83 | ## END
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84 |
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85 | #### Spread/splat of named args: f(...more)
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86 |
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87 | func f(; x, y) {
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88 | echo "$x $y"
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89 | }
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90 |
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91 | call f(; x=9, y=10)
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92 |
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93 | var args = {x: 3, y: 4}
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94 |
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95 | call f(; ...args)
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96 |
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97 |
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98 | ## STDOUT:
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99 | 9 10
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100 | 3 4
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101 | ## END
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102 |
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103 |
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104 | #### Multiple spreads
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105 |
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106 | func f(...pos; ...named) {
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107 | pp line (pos)
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108 | pp line (named)
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109 | }
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110 |
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111 | var a = [1,2,3]
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112 | var d = {m: 'spam', n: 'no'}
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113 | var e = {p: 5, q: 6}
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114 |
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115 | call f(...a, ...a; ...d, ...e)
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116 |
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117 | ## STDOUT:
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118 | (List) [1,2,3,1,2,3]
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119 | (Dict) {"m":"spam","n":"no","p":5,"q":6}
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120 | ## END
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121 |
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122 |
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123 | #### Proc-style return in a func is error
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124 | func t() { return 0 }
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125 |
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126 | = t()
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127 | ## status: 2
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128 | ## STDOUT:
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129 | ## END
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130 |
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131 | #### Typed return in a proc is error
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132 | proc t() { return (0) }
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133 |
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134 | = t()
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135 | ## status: 2
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136 | ## STDOUT:
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137 | ## END
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138 |
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139 | #### Redefining functions is not allowed (with shopt -u redefine_proc_func)
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140 | shopt -u redefine_proc_func
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141 | func f() { return (0) }
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142 | func f() { return (1) }
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143 | ## status: 1
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144 | ## STDOUT:
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145 | ## END
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146 |
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147 | #### Redefining functions is allowed (with shopt -s redefine_proc_func)
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148 | shopt -s redefine_proc_func
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149 | func f() { return (0) }
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150 | func f() { return (1) }
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151 | ## status: 0
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152 | ## STDOUT:
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153 | ## END
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154 |
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155 | #### Functions cannot redefine readonly vars (even with shopt -s redefine_proc_func)
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156 | shopt -s redefine_proc_func
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157 | const f = 0
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158 | func f() { return (1) }
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159 | ## status: 1
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160 | ## STDOUT:
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161 | ## END
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162 |
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163 | #### Functions can redefine non-readonly vars
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164 | var f = 0
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165 | func f() { return (1) }
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166 | ## status: 0
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167 | ## STDOUT:
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168 | ## END
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169 |
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170 | #### Vars cannot redefine functions (even with shopt -s redefine_proc_func)
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171 | shopt -s redefine_proc_func
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172 | func f() { return (1) }
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173 | const f = 0
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174 | ## status: 1
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175 | ## STDOUT:
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176 | ## END
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177 |
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178 | #### Multiple func calls
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179 |
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180 | func inc(x) {
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181 | # increment
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182 |
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183 | return (x + 1)
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184 | }
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185 |
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186 | func dec(x) {
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187 | # decrement
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188 |
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189 | return (x - 1)
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190 | }
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191 |
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192 | echo $[inc(1)]
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193 | echo $[inc(inc(1))]
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194 | echo $[dec(inc(inc(1)))]
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195 |
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196 | var y = dec(dec(1))
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197 | echo $[dec(y)]
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198 |
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199 | ## STDOUT:
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200 | 2
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201 | 3
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202 | 2
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203 | -2
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204 | ## END
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205 |
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206 | #### Undefined var in function
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207 |
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208 | func g(x) {
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209 | var z = y # make sure dynamic scope is off
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210 | return (x + z)
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211 | }
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212 |
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213 | func f() {
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214 | var y = 42 # if dynamic scope were on, g() would see this
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215 | return (g(0))
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216 | }
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217 |
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218 | echo $[f()]
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219 |
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220 | ## status: 1
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221 | ## STDOUT:
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222 | ## END
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223 |
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224 | #### Param binding semantics
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225 | # value
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226 | var x = 'foo'
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227 |
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228 | func f(x) {
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229 | setvar x = 'bar'
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230 | }
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231 |
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232 | pp line (x)
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233 | pp line (f(x))
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234 | pp line (x)
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235 |
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236 | # reference
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237 | var y = ['a', 'b', 'c']
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238 |
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239 | func g(y) {
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240 | setvar y[0] = 'z'
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241 | }
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242 |
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243 | pp line (y)
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244 | pp line (g(y))
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245 | pp line (y)
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246 | ## STDOUT:
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247 | (Str) "foo"
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248 | (Null) null
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249 | (Str) "foo"
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250 | (List) ["a","b","c"]
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251 | (Null) null
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252 | (List) ["z","b","c"]
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253 | ## END
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254 |
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255 | #### Recursive functions
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256 | func fib(n) {
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257 | # TODO: add assert n > 0
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258 | if (n < 2) {
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259 | return (n)
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260 | }
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261 |
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262 | return (fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2))
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263 | }
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264 |
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265 | json write (fib(10))
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266 | ## STDOUT:
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267 | 55
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268 | ## END
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269 |
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270 | #### Recursive functions with LRU Cache
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271 | source $LIB_YSH/list.ysh
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272 |
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273 | var cache = []
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274 | var maxSize = 4
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275 |
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276 | func remove(l, i) {
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277 | for i in (i .. len(l) - 1) {
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278 | setvar l[i] = l[i + 1]
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279 | }
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280 |
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281 | call l->pop() # remove duplicate last element
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282 | }
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283 |
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284 | func fib(n) {
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285 | var i = len(cache) - 1
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286 | var j = 0;
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287 | while (i >= 0) {
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288 | var item = cache[i]
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289 |
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290 | if (item[0] === n) {
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291 | call remove(cache, i)
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292 | call cache->append(item)
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293 |
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294 | echo hit: $n
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295 | return (item[1])
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296 | }
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297 |
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298 | setvar i = i - 1
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299 | setvar j += 1
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300 | }
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301 |
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302 | var result = 0
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303 | if (n < 2) {
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304 | setvar result = n
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305 | } else {
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306 | setvar result = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
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307 | }
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308 |
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309 | if (len(cache) >= maxSize) {
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310 | call remove(cache, 0)
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311 | }
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312 | call cache->append([n, result])
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313 |
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314 | return (result)
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315 | }
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316 |
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317 | json write (fib(10))
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318 | json write (cache)
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319 |
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320 | ## STDOUT:
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321 | hit: 1
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322 | hit: 2
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323 | hit: 3
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324 | hit: 4
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325 | hit: 5
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326 | hit: 6
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327 | hit: 7
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328 | hit: 8
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329 | 55
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330 | [
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331 | [
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332 | 7,
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333 | 13
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334 | ],
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335 | [
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336 | 9,
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337 | 34
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338 | ],
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339 | [
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340 | 8,
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341 | 21
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342 | ],
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343 | [
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344 | 10,
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345 | 55
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346 | ]
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347 | ]
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348 | ## END
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349 |
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350 | #### Varadic arguments, no other args
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351 | func f(...args) {
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352 | pp line (args)
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353 | }
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354 |
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355 | call f()
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356 | call f(1)
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357 | call f(1, 2)
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358 | call f(1, 2, 3)
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359 | ## STDOUT:
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360 | (List) []
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361 | (List) [1]
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362 | (List) [1,2]
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363 | (List) [1,2,3]
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364 | ## END
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365 |
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366 | #### Varadic arguments, other args
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367 | func f(a, b, ...args) {
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368 | pp line ([a, b, args])
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369 | }
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370 |
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371 | call f(1, 2)
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372 | call f(1, 2, 3)
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373 | call f(1, 2, 3, 4)
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374 | ## STDOUT:
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375 | (List) [1,2,[]]
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376 | (List) [1,2,[3]]
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377 | (List) [1,2,[3,4]]
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378 | ## END
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379 |
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380 | #### Varadic arguments, too few args
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381 | func f(a, b, ...args) {
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382 | = [a, b, args]
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383 | }
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384 |
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385 | call f(1)
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386 | ## status: 3
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387 | ## STDOUT:
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388 | ## END
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389 |
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390 | #### Userland max
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391 | func mymax (...args) {
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392 | if (len(args) === 0) {
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393 | error 'Requires 1 arg'
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394 | } elif (len(args) === 1) {
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395 | # TODO: assert List
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396 | var mylist = args[0]
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397 | var max = mylist[0]
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398 |
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399 | for item in (mylist) {
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400 | if (item > max) {
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401 | setvar max = item
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402 | }
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403 | }
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404 |
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405 | return (max)
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406 | } elif (len(args) === 2) {
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407 | if (args[0] >= args[1]) {
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408 | return (args[0])
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409 | } else {
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410 | return (args[1])
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411 | }
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412 | } else {
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413 | # max(1, 2, 3) doesn't work in YSH, but does in Python
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414 | error 'too many'
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415 | }
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416 | }
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417 |
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418 | = mymax(5,6) # => 6
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419 | = mymax([5,6,7]) # => 7
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420 | = mymax(5,6,7,8) # error
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421 |
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422 | ## status: 10
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423 | ## STDOUT:
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424 | (Int) 6
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425 | (Int) 7
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426 | ## END
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427 |
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428 | #### Functions share a namespace with variables
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429 | func f(x) {
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430 | return (x * x)
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431 | }
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432 |
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433 | var g = f
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434 | echo "g(2) -> $[g(2)]"
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435 | ## STDOUT:
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436 | g(2) -> 4
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437 | ## END
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438 |
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439 | #### We can store funcs in dictionaries
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440 | func dog_speak() {
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441 | echo "Woof"
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442 | }
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443 |
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444 | func dog_type() {
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445 | return ("DOG")
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446 | }
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447 |
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448 | const Dog = {
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449 | speak: dog_speak,
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450 | type: dog_type,
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451 | }
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452 |
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453 | func cat_speak() {
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454 | echo "Meow"
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455 | }
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456 |
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457 | func cat_type() {
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458 | return ("CAT")
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459 | }
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460 |
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461 | const Cat = {
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462 | speak: cat_speak,
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463 | type: cat_type,
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464 | }
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465 |
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466 | # First class "modules"!
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467 | const animals = [Dog, Cat]
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468 | for animal in (animals) {
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469 | var type = animal.type()
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470 | echo This is a $type
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471 | call animal.speak()
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472 | }
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473 | ## STDOUT:
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474 | This is a DOG
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475 | Woof
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476 | This is a CAT
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477 | Meow
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478 | ## END
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479 |
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480 | #### Functions cannot be nested
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481 | proc build {
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482 | func f(x) {
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483 | return (x)
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484 | }
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485 | }
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486 | ## status: 2
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487 | ## STDOUT:
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488 | ## END
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489 |
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490 | #### Functions can be shadowed
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491 | func mysum(items) {
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492 | var mysum = 0
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493 | for x in (items) {
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494 | setvar mysum += x
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495 | }
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496 | return (mysum)
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497 | }
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498 |
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499 | echo 1 + 2 + 3 = $[mysum([1, 2, 3])]
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500 |
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501 | func inAnotherScope() {
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502 | # variable mysum has not yet shadowed func mysum in evaluation
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503 | var mysum = mysum([1, 2, 3])
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504 | echo mysum=$mysum
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505 | }
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506 | call inAnotherScope()
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507 |
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508 | # We need a scope otherwise we'd overwrite `mysum` in the global scope
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509 | var mysum = mysum([1, 2, 3]) # will raise status=1
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510 | ## status: 1
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511 | ## STDOUT:
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512 | 1 + 2 + 3 = 6
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513 | mysum=6
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514 | ## END
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515 |
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516 | #### Function names cannot be redeclared
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517 | # Behaves like: const f = ...
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518 | func f(x) {
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519 | return (x)
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520 | }
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521 |
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522 | var f = "some val"
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523 | ## status: 1
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524 | ## STDOUT:
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525 | ## END
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526 |
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527 | #### Functions cannot be mutated
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528 | func f(x) {
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529 | return (x)
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530 | }
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531 |
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532 | setvar f = "some val"
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533 | ## status: 1
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534 | ## STDOUT:
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535 | ## END
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