| 1 | ---
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| 2 | title: Special Variables (Oils Reference)
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| 3 | all_docs_url: ..
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| 4 | body_css_class: width40
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| 5 | default_highlighter: oils-sh
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| 6 | preserve_anchor_case: yes
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| 7 | ---
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| 8 |
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| 9 | <div class="doc-ref-header">
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| 10 |
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| 11 | [Oils Reference](index.html) —
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| 12 | Chapter **Special Variables**
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| 13 |
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| 14 | </div>
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| 15 |
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| 16 | This chapter describes special variables for OSH and YSH.
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <span class="in-progress">(in progress)</span>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <div id="dense-toc">
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| 21 | </div>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | ## YSH Vars
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| 24 |
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| 25 | ### ARGV
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| 26 |
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| 27 | Replacement for `"$@"`
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| 28 |
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| 29 | ### ENV
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| 30 |
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| 31 | TODO
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| 32 |
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| 33 | ### _this_dir
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| 34 |
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| 35 | The directory the current script resides in. This knows about 3 situations:
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| 36 |
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| 37 | - The location of `oshrc` in an interactive shell
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| 38 | - The location of the main script, e.g. in `osh myscript.sh`
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| 39 | - The location of script loaded with the `source` builtin
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| 40 |
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| 41 | It's useful for "relative imports".
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| 42 |
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| 43 | ## YSH Status
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| 44 |
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| 45 | ### `_status`
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| 46 |
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| 47 | An `Int` that's set by the `try` builtin.
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| 48 |
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| 49 | try {
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| 50 | ls /bad # exits with status 2
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| 51 | }
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| 52 | if (_status !== 0) { # _status is 2
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| 53 | echo 'failed'
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| 54 | }
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| 55 |
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| 56 | ### `_error`
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| 57 |
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| 58 | A `Dict` that's set by the `try` builtin when catching certain errors.
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| 59 |
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| 60 | Such errors include JSON/J8 encoding/decoding errors, and user errors from the
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| 61 | `error` builtin.
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| 62 |
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| 63 | try {
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| 64 | echo $[toJson( /d+/ )] # invalid Eggex type
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| 65 | }
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| 66 | echo "failed: $[_error.message]" # => failed: Can't serialize ...
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| 67 |
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| 68 | ### `_pipeline_status`
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| 69 |
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| 70 | After a pipeline of processes is executed, this array contains the exit code of
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| 71 | each process.
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| 72 |
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| 73 | Each exit code is an [Int](chap-type-method.html#Int). Compare with
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| 74 | [`PIPESTATUS`](#PIPESTATUS).
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| 75 |
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| 76 | ### `_process_sub_status`
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| 77 |
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| 78 | The exit status of all the process subs in the last command.
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| 79 |
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| 80 | ## YSH Tracing
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| 81 |
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| 82 | ### SHX_indent
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| 83 |
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| 84 | ### SHX_punct
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| 85 |
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| 86 | ### SHX_pid_str
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| 87 |
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| 88 | ## YSH Read
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| 89 |
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| 90 | ### _reply
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| 91 |
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| 92 | YSH `read` sets this variable:
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| 93 |
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| 94 | read --all < myfile
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| 95 | echo $_reply
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| 96 |
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| 97 | ## Oils VM
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| 98 |
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| 99 | ### `OILS_VERSION`
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| 100 |
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| 101 | The version of Oils that's being run, e.g. `0.9.0`.
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| 102 |
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| 103 | <!-- TODO: specify comparison algorithm. -->
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| 104 |
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| 105 | ### `OILS_GC_THRESHOLD`
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| 106 |
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| 107 | At a GC point, if there are more than this number of live objects, collect
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| 108 | garbage.
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| 109 |
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| 110 | ### `OILS_GC_ON_EXIT`
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| 111 |
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| 112 | Set `OILS_GC_ON_EXIT=1` to explicitly collect and `free()` before the process
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| 113 | exits. By default, we let the OS clean up.
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| 114 |
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| 115 | Useful for ASAN testing.
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| 116 |
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| 117 | ### `OILS_GC_STATS`
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| 118 |
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| 119 | When the shell process exists, print GC stats to stderr.
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| 120 |
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| 121 | ### `OILS_GC_STATS_FD`
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| 122 |
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| 123 | When the shell process exists, print GC stats to this file descriptor.
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| 124 |
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| 125 | ## Shell Vars
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| 126 |
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| 127 | ### IFS
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| 128 |
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| 129 | Used for word splitting. And the builtin `shSplit()` function.
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| 130 |
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| 131 | ### LANG
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| 132 |
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| 133 | TODO: bash compat
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| 134 |
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| 135 | ### GLOBIGNORE
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| 136 |
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| 137 | TODO: bash compat
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| 138 |
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| 139 | ## Shell Options
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| 140 |
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| 141 | ### SHELLOPTS
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| 142 |
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| 143 | bash compat: serialized options for the `set` builtin.
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| 144 |
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| 145 | ### BASHOPTS
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| 146 |
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| 147 | bash compat: serialized options for the `shopt` builtin.
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| 148 |
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| 149 | ## Other Env
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| 150 |
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| 151 | ### HOME
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| 152 |
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| 153 | $HOME is used for:
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| 154 |
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| 155 | 1. ~ expansion
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| 156 | 2. ~ abbreviation in the UI (the dirs builtin, \W in $PS1).
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| 157 |
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| 158 | Note: The shell doesn't set $HOME. According to POSIX, the program that
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| 159 | invokes the login shell sets it based on /etc/passwd.
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| 160 |
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| 161 | ### PATH
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| 162 |
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| 163 | A colon-separated string that's used to find executables to run.
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| 164 |
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| 165 |
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| 166 | ## POSIX Special
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| 167 |
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| 168 | ## Other Special
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| 169 |
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| 170 | ### BASH_REMATCH
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| 171 |
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| 172 | Result of regex evaluation `[[ $x =~ $pat ]]`.
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| 173 |
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| 174 | ### PIPESTATUS
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| 175 |
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| 176 | After a pipeline of processes is executed, this array contains the exit code of
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| 177 | each process.
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| 178 |
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| 179 | Each exit code is a [Str](chap-type-method.html#Str). Compare with
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| 180 | [`_pipeline_status`](#_pipeline_status).
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| 181 |
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| 182 | ## Platform
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| 183 |
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| 184 | ### HOSTNAME
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| 185 |
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| 186 | The name of the "host" or machine that Oils is running on, determined by
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| 187 | `gethostname()`.
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| 188 |
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| 189 | ### OSTYPE
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| 190 |
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| 191 | The operating system that Oils is running on, determined by `uname()`.
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| 192 |
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| 193 | Examples: `linux darwin ...`
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| 194 |
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| 195 | ## Call Stack
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| 196 |
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| 197 | ### BASH_SOURCE
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| 198 |
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| 199 | ### FUNCNAME
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| 200 |
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| 201 | ### BASH_LINENO
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| 202 |
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| 203 | ## Tracing
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| 204 |
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| 205 | ### LINENO
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| 206 |
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| 207 | ## Process State
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| 208 |
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| 209 | ### BASHPID
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| 210 |
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| 211 | TODO
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| 212 |
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| 213 | ### PPID
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| 214 |
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| 215 | TODO
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| 216 |
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| 217 | ### UID
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| 218 |
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| 219 | ### EUID
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| 220 |
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| 221 | ## Process Stack
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| 222 |
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| 223 | ## Shell State
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| 224 |
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| 225 | ## Completion
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| 226 |
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| 227 | ### COMP_WORDS
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| 228 |
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| 229 | An array of words, split by : and = for compatibility with bash. New
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| 230 | completion scripts should use COMP_ARGV instead.
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| 231 |
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| 232 | ### COMP_CWORD
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| 233 |
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| 234 | Discouraged; for compatibility with bash.
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| 235 |
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| 236 | ### COMP_LINE
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| 237 |
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| 238 | Discouraged; for compatibility with bash.
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| 239 |
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| 240 | ### COMP_POINT
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| 241 |
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| 242 | Discouraged; for compatibility with bash.
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| 243 |
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| 244 | ### COMP_WORDBREAKS
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| 245 |
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| 246 | Discouraged; for compatibility with bash.
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| 247 |
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| 248 | ### COMPREPLY
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| 249 |
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| 250 | User-defined completion functions should Fill this array with candidates. It
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| 251 | is cleared on every completion request.
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| 252 |
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| 253 | ### COMP_ARGV
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| 254 |
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| 255 | An array of partial command arguments to complete. Preferred over COMP_WORDS.
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| 256 | The compadjust builtin uses this variable.
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| 257 |
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| 258 | (An OSH extension to bash.)
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| 259 |
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| 260 | ## History
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| 261 |
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| 262 | ### HISTFILE
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| 263 |
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| 264 | Override the default OSH history location.
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| 265 |
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| 266 | ### YSH_HISTFILE
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| 267 |
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| 268 | Override the default YSH history location.
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| 269 |
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| 270 | ## cd
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| 271 |
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| 272 | ### PWD
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| 273 |
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| 274 | ### OLDPWD
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| 275 |
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| 276 | ### CDPATH
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| 277 |
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| 278 | ## getopts
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| 279 |
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| 280 | ### OPTIND
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| 281 |
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| 282 | ### OPTARG
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| 283 |
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| 284 | ### OPTERR
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| 285 |
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| 286 | ## read
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| 287 |
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| 288 | ### REPLY
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| 289 |
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| 290 | OSH read sets this:
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| 291 |
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| 292 | read < myfile
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| 293 |
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| 294 | ## Functions
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| 295 |
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| 296 | ### RANDOM
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| 297 |
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| 298 | bash compat
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| 299 |
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| 300 | ### SECONDS
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| 301 |
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| 302 | bash compat
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| 303 |
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