history length = 1 ! echo ${two:-} history length = 1 .! echo 'hi#'${two:-} history length = 1 Couldn't parse historical command '(': Unexpected EOF while parsing command history length = 1 Couldn't parse historical command 'a( )': Unexpected word while parsing compound command (Id.Eof_Real) .history length = 1 ! echo -l history length = 1 ! echo xx history length = 1 .! echo yy history length = 2 ! echo "${five@P}" history length = 2 ! echo $three history length = 2 .! echo -n $three ${4:-} "${five@P}" history length = 3 ! echo ${two:-} history length = 3 ! echo ${two:-} history length = 3 ! echo 1 history length = 3 ! ls /echo/ history length = 3 ! echo ${two:-} history length = 3 history length = 3 history length = 3 ! ls /echo/ history length = 3 . ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 5 tests in 0.003s OK ! echo /echo/